{"id":315,"date":"2015-09-07T13:54:27","date_gmt":"2015-09-07T17:54:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/?p=315"},"modified":"2015-12-09T15:41:59","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T20:41:59","slug":"black-swallow-wort-cynachum-louiseae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/07\/black-swallow-wort-cynachum-louiseae\/","title":{"rendered":"black swallow wort (<em>Cynanchum louiseae<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"92\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/07\/black-swallow-wort-cynachum-louiseae\/cynanchum_3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?fit=708%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"708,384\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cynanchum_3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?fit=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?fit=708%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-92 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?resize=708%2C384\" alt=\"Picture of black swallow-wort infestation.\" width=\"708\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?w=708&amp;ssl=1 708w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_3-e1441724247802.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description: <\/strong>Black swallow wort is a perennial vine with a single non-branching stem reaching lengths of 6 feet. Dark green leaves grow oppositely on the stem and are lance to heart shaped. Flowers have 5 petals and are purple to brown and fragrant. Fruits are slender green pods which turn dark brown when ripe.<\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-696\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-94-0 ml-slider-pro-2-7-1 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-696 ml-slider ms-theme-default\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"Slideshow\" aria-label=\"Cynanchum\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_696\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_696\">\n            <ul class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-90 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-90\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_1.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Picture of black swallow-wort flowers\" class=\"slider-696 slide-90\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Back swallow-wort has dark purple blooms. Other swallow-worts have lighter-colored flowers.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-326 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-326\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/5492573-PPT.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Picture of pale-swallow-wort blooms.\" class=\"slider-696 slide-326\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Pale swallow-wort, C. rossicum, is also invasive in the northeastern U.S.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-583 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-583\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/10-05-14_Cynanchum3.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-696 slide-583\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Swallow-wort climbs up any vegetation, including itself.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-91 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-91\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_2-e1441724369231-652x279.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Picture of black swallow-wort seed pods.\" class=\"slider-696 slide-91\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Seed pods are 2 to 3 inches long and brown when mature.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-93 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-93\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/cynanchum_4-e1441724538599-700x300.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-696 slide-93\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Like other members of the milkweed family, black swallow-wort seeds  are wind-dispersed.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Habitat:<\/strong> Black swallow wort grows in disturbed open areas along roadsides, railroads, woodland edges, and in open woods in moist soils.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Invasive Traits:<\/strong> Black swallow wort grows vigorously along edges and open areas crowding out and shading native vegetation with its tangled thickets.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control: <\/strong>Hand pulling can be effective for isolated populations only when root systems are removed and remains are bagged and transported off site. Repeated mowing can be effective if done just as seed pods are forming. Herbicide application is effective when applied using foliar spray. Repeated treatments necessary for vigorous stands.<\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/\">Further Reading<\/a><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/#L\">Lawlor\u00a02006<\/a><\/h5>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6>Photo credits<\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li>Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org<\/li>\n<li>Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org<\/li>\n<li>Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org<\/li>\n<li>Cleveland Metroparks<\/li>\n<li>Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org<\/li>\n<li>Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description: Black swallow wort is a perennial vine with a single non-branching stem reaching lengths of 6 feet. Dark green leaves grow oppositely on the&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/07\/black-swallow-wort-cynachum-louiseae\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">black swallow wort (&lt;em&gt;Cynanchum louiseae&lt;\/em&gt;)<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[85,13,84,69],"class_list":["post-315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species-profiles","tag-cynanchum","tag-profiles","tag-swallow-wort","tag-vines","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6GdVN-55","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=315"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":324,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions\/324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}