{"id":191,"date":"2015-09-05T15:15:15","date_gmt":"2015-09-05T19:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/?p=191"},"modified":"2015-09-28T14:27:53","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:27:53","slug":"hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata\/","title":{"rendered":"hydrilla (<em>Hydrilla verticillata<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"598\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata\/olympus-digital-camera-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?fit=1670%2C440&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1670,440\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;C770UZ&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1314048230&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;64&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hydrilla cropped\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?fit=300%2C79&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?fit=1024%2C270&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-598 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153-1024x270.jpg?resize=1024%2C270\" alt=\"Picture of hydrilla infestation.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?resize=1024%2C270&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?resize=300%2C79&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Hydrilla-infestation-8-23-2011-e1442170097153.jpg?w=1670&amp;ssl=1 1670w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong> Herbaceous perennials are submersed except when branches grow long enough to reach the surface. Stems are thin and reach lengths of 25 feet. Tiny leaves form whorls of 4-8 around the stem. The plant reproduces from stem fragments, axillary buds (turions), and tubers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-718\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-94-0 ml-slider-pro-2-7-1 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-718 ml-slider ms-theme-default\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"Slideshow\" aria-label=\"Hydrilla\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_718\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_718\">\n            <ul class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-51 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-51\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-P\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla_11.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Picture of hydrilla filling a shallow pond\" class=\"slider-718 slide-51\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Hydrilla can completely fill shallow ponds.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-101 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-101\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-1D\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla-on-white-entire-plant.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-101\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Monecious hydrilla branches near the roots before sending shoots to the water surface.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-618 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-618\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-9Y\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla-on-white.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-618\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Small teeth on the leaf margins are visible without magnification.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-104 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-104\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-1G\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla_3.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-104\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Leaves are in whorls of 3 to 8 leaves, the leaves up to 20 mm long by 2 to 5 mm across, the flowers with 3 sepals and three petals, about 4 mm in diameter. <\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-616 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-616\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-9W\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla-on-on-black-e1443461400613-700x300.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-616\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Whorls of leaves are closer together toward the tip of the stem.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-106 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-106\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-1I\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla_5.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-106\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Crescent-shaped tubers are diagnostic for hydrilla.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-102 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-102\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-1E\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla-tuber-on-white-e1443463155672-700x300.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-102\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Hydrilla tubers are have scales which may be visible without magnification.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-103 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"slide-103\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/a6GdVN-1F\" target=\"_self\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hydrilla_2.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-718 slide-103\" \/><\/a><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Female flowers of hydrilla float inconspicuously at the surface.<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>\u00a0Hydrilla can grow in a broad range of aquatic conditions, from very shallow, warm water to deep water with extremely low light levels. Waters can be nutrient rich or poor, with salinity up to 7%.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Invasive Traits: <\/strong>\u00a0Hydrilla grows very quickly (more than an inch per day) and once established, can quickly crowd out native aquatic plants and block light to the water column. Vegetative reproduction via stem fragments or tubers allows hydrilla to spread quickly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control: <\/strong>Herbicides approved for use in aquatic systems can temporarily control hydrilla. Chinese Grass Carp have been used for biological control. Mechanical harvesting machines have been used to remove hydrilla from the water but may accelerate vegetative reproduction. Drawing down of lake water levels can expose and kill hydrilla, although tubers can remain viable for 4 or more years under normal levels of dessication.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata\/20140829_090116\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?fit=4128%2C3096&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4128,3096\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;SAMSUNG-SGH-I337&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1409302875&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;64&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20140829_090116\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-14 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225\" alt=\"20140829_090116\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?resize=1260%2C945&amp;ssl=1 1260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_090116.jpg?w=3000&amp;ssl=1 3000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sampling sediment for hydrilla tubers is critical for long-term control.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata\/20140829_093006\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?fit=3096%2C4128&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3096,4128\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;SAMSUNG-SGH-I337&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1409304605&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20140829_093006\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?fit=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?fit=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-15 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006-225x300.jpg?resize=225%2C300\" alt=\"20140829_093006\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?resize=1260%2C1680&amp;ssl=1 1260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/crcwma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/20140829_093006.jpg?w=3000&amp;ssl=1 3000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hydrilla populations will rebound quickly from tubers left in the sediment, necessitating multiple years of control and monitoring.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/\">Further Reading<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/#G\" target=\"_blank\">Gillett-Kaufman, Lietze, &amp; Weeks 2014<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/#I\">Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant &amp; Illinois Natural History Survey 2008<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/further-reading\/#P\">Pyle 2002<\/a><\/p>\n<h6>Photo credits<\/h6>\n<p>All photos from Cleveland Metroparks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description: Herbaceous perennials are submersed except when branches grow long enough to reach the surface. Stems are thin and reach lengths of 25 feet. Tiny&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/hydrilla-hydrilla-verticillata\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">hydrilla (&lt;em&gt;Hydrilla verticillata&lt;\/em&gt;)<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[8,12,41,40,13],"class_list":["post-191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species-profiles","tag-hydrilla","tag-hydrilla-verticillata","tag-lakes","tag-ponds","tag-profiles","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6GdVN-35","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":720,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions\/720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crcwma.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}